Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan

ObjectiveBehavioral change is the only prevention against the COVID-19 pandemic until vaccines become available. This is the first study to examine the most persuasive message type in terms of narrator difference in encouraging people to stay at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown.MethodsParticipants (n = 1,980) were randomly assigned to five intervention messages (from a governor, a public health expert, a physician, a patient, and a resident of an outbreak area) and a control message. Intention to stay at home before and after reading messages was assessed. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s or Games–Howell test was conducted.ResultsCompared with other messages, the message from a physician significantly increased participants’ intention to stay at home in areas with high numbers of people infected (versus a governor, p = .002; an expert, p = .023; a resident, p = .004).ConclusionThe message from a physician―which conveyed the crisis of overwhelmed hospitals and consequent risk of people being unable to receive treatment―increased the intent to stay at home the most.Practice implicationsHealth professionals and media operatives may be able to encourage people to stay at home by disseminating the physicians’ messages through media and the internet.     

Group leader and participant perceptions of Balancing Everyday Life,a group-based lifestyle intervention for mental health service users

Abstract

Background: There exist few recovery and occupation-based interventions for mental health service users. Balancing Everyday Life (BEL) is a new occupation-based lifestyle intervention that was created to fill this need.

Aim: To gain group leaders’ and participants’ perspectives of the BEL intervention content and format, including factors that helped, hindered, and could be improved.

Methods: A constructivist grounded theory method guided data collection and analysis. Interviews took place with 12 BEL group leaders and 19 BEL participants from out-patient psychiatry settings and community-based day centers in Sweden.

Results: BEL’s structure and content were appreciated, yet flexibility was desired to adapt to participant needs. BEL could act as a bridge, helping participants connect with others, and to a more engaged and balanced everyday life. Facilitating factors included a person-focused (versus illness-focused) approach, physical and emotional environments, and connection. Barriers included room resources. More sessions were desired for the intervention.

Conclusion: Group leaders and participants experienced BEL as a useful tool to instigate meaningful change and connection in the participants’ lives. The combination of a positive person-focused approach and group support was appreciated. These results could inform future research, evaluation, and development of occupation-focused lifestyle interventions for mental health service users.     

At the intersection of science and theory: How the Nurse Role Integration Model reconciles the conflict

As more nurses embrace precision science, there is a tendency to utilize theoretical frameworks from other disciplines thus, placing nursing at risk of losing its autonomy and independence. The discipline has fallen prey to internal binary opposition, eliminating opportunities to engage in civil discourse. To explore how the roles nurses select might fit together in a theoretical framework and help nurses understand how the roles they choose to support their identity as nurses, this paper introduced a model of nursing that includes the bench scientists, the policy activists, and bedside nurses, using the Neuman Systems Model (NSM). The Nurse Role Integration Model (NRIM) espouses the basic tenets of NSM: prevention counteracts stressors from penetrating the client’s lines of defense thus, reducing stress response. Primary prevention reflects the work of the nurse bench scientists, investigating the underlying mechanisms behind pathophysiology; secondary prevention is applied nurse scientists who build upon nurse researchers’ work, identifying and testing potential interventions; tertiary prevention is nurse policy activists, the fulcrum, who leverage primary and secondary findings to argue policy change at all levels. Once policy change is adopted, bedside nurses are educated and implement the change. This lens provides an opportunity to create greater solidarity, strengthening the unity and autonomy of the discipline.     

基于奥马哈理论的围手术期全程康复管理对TAVR患者心理应激、6 min步行距离及并发症的影响

目的 探讨基于奥马哈理论的围手术期全程康复管理对经导管主动脉瓣置换术（transcatheter aortic valve replacement，TAVR）患者心理应激、6 min步行距离及并发症的影响。 方法 选取我院74例TAVR患者，采用随机数字表法分为2组，各37例。对照组采取传统围术期护理，在对照组基础上，观察组采取基于奥马哈理论的围手术期全程康复管理。统计2组并发症、护理满意度及护理前后心理应激、心功能指标、健康行为（health promotionlifestyleprofile-Ⅱ，HPLP-Ⅱ）、6 min步行距离及生活质量。 结果 观察组干预后左心室舒张末期内径、跨瓣压差较对照组低，主动脉瓣面积、左心室射血分数高于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组干预后特质焦虑（Trait Anxiety Inventory，T~AI）、状态焦虑（State Anxiety Inventory，S~AI）评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组干预后HPLP-Ⅱ量表6个维度评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组术后3个月、6个月生活质量及6 min步行距离高于对照组（P＜0.05）；2组并发症比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 基于奥马哈理论的围手术期全程康复管理应用于TAVR患者，可减轻其心理应激，提高患者健康促进生活方式水平，预防并发症发生，在改善患者心功能、运动耐力和提高患者护理满意度方面具有积极意义。     

基于交叉对比神经网络的心音分类

目的:通过交叉对比神经网络（CCNN）实现心音信号的自动分类，从而对心血管疾病进行早期诊断。方法:实验基于PhysioNet/Cinc 2016心音数据库。训练集和测试集数据来自互斥的健康受试者/病理患者，并以4:1的比例进行划分，输入CCNN。CCNN利用深度卷积神经网络进行特征提取，结合基于信息的相似度度量理论（IBS），对特征向量间的相似性进行度量并分类。结果:实验结果得出灵敏度为0.834 6，特异性为0.962 3，最终大赛综合得分为0.898 5。结论:CCNN使用交叉对比的输入模式扩充数据量，引入信号间的对比信息，同时在神经网络的训练过程中应用统计学思想，使网络具备良好的泛化性，更加适应医学数据量较少的场景，在心音分类中取得较好的结果。     

基于超分子“气析”理论构建中药制剂靶向性评价方法及实验验证

目的 构建基于超分子“气析”理论的中药制剂的靶向性评价方法，并对柴胡影响片仔癀的肝靶向性进行研究。方法 采用分子连接性指数分析主要归肝经的药材、片仔癀中的各成分“印迹模板”特征及肝靶向趋势；利用中药多成分“印迹模板”自主作用特征，结合靶区动力学和总量统计矩原理建立中药制剂的靶向性评价方法，并对片仔癀组、柴胡组、片仔癀+柴胡组、空白组4组作用的肝癌大鼠进行实验验证。结果 扣除主要归肝经药材分子连接性指数平均值后，片仔癀组与柴胡组的分子连接性指数相似度0.376 8，片仔癀+柴胡组与柴胡组的分子连接性指数相似度0.988 2，预测柴胡可增强片仔癀的肝靶向性。建立中药复方靶向性的评价体系，包括相对总量摄取率（RUE_T），相对总量浓度（RC_T），相对“印迹”趋势（RIT_T）及相对“印迹”方差（RIV_T）；各组织中肝脏的RUE_T和RC_T均为最大（RUE_T=1.88>1，RC_T=2.30>1），其他组织这2个参数则均<1，说明片仔癀结合柴胡后能增加其在肝脏的分布，肝靶向性增强；除血浆外，其他组织的RIT_T及RIV_T均在1.0附近波动，说明靶向修饰不改变片仔癀的“印迹”作用趋势，对成分种类也无明显影响。结论 在超分子“气析”理论指导下，可建立以分子连接性指数和总量统计矩参数表征中药制剂多成分“印迹”作用的靶向性评价参数体系，实现对中药制剂靶向性的评价，柴胡的加入可增加片仔癀的肝靶向性。     

A graph model of combination therapies

The simultaneous use of multiple medications causes drug–drug interactions (DDI) that impact therapeutic efficacy. Here, we argue that graph theory, in conjunction with game theory and ecosystem theory, can address this issue. We treat the coexistence of multiple drugs as a system in which DDI is modeled by game theory. We develop an ordinary differential equation model to characterize how the concentration of a drug changes as a result of its independent capacity and the dependent influence of other drugs through the metabolic response of the host. We coalesce all drugs into personalized and context-specific networks, which can reveal key DDI determinants of therapeutical efficacy. Our model can quantify drug synergy and antagonism and test the translational success of combination therapies to the clinic.